Uploading to Google Drive It Say I Am Offline but I Am Naughty

Informal term for the transfer of electronic information by physically moving media

A USB flash drive allows the transfer of data betwixt individuals without utilize of the Internet.

Memory cards are a pop physical medium for transferring files and take become smaller in size every bit engineering has avant-garde

Sneakernet, also called sneaker internet, is an informal term for the transfer of electronic information by physically moving media such equally magnetic tape, floppy disks, optical discs, USB flash drives or external hard drives betwixt computers, rather than transmitting it over a computer network. The term, a tongue-in-cheek play on net(piece of work) as in Internet or Ethernet, refers to walking in sneakers as the transport mechanism.^[1] Alternative terms may exist floppy net, train net, dove net, tennis shoe net.

Summary and background [edit]

Sneakernets are in employ throughout the computer world. Sneakernet may be used when figurer networks are prohibitively expensive for the owner to maintain, in high-security environments where manual inspection (for re-classification of information) is necessary, where information needs to be shared betwixt networks with unlike levels of security clearance, when data transfer is impractical due to bandwidth limitations, when a particular organization is simply incompatible with the local network, unable to exist connected, or when ii systems are not on the same network at the same time. Because Sneakernets take advantage of physical media, security measures used for the transfer of sensitive information are respectively physical.

This form of data transfer is also used for peer-to-peer (or friend-to-friend) file sharing and has grown in popularity in metropolitan areas and college communities. The ease of this arrangement has been facilitated past the availability of USB external difficult drives, USB wink drives and portable music players.^[2]

The United States Postal Service offers a Media Mail service for compact discs, among other items. This provides a feasible mode of ship for long altitude Sneakernet use. In fact, when mailing media with sufficiently high data density such equally high capacity hard drives, the throughput (data transferred per unit of fourth dimension) as well as the cost per unit of measurement of data transferred may compete favorably with networked methods of data transfer.^[3]

Usage examples [edit]

Afghanistan [edit]

In 2021 Taliban-governed Afghanistan, "computer kars" distribute Internet-derived content by hand: "Movies, music, mobile applications, iOS updates, and naughty videos. Too creating Apple tree IDs and social media accounts, and backing upwards and unlocking phones and recovering data." The kars collectively maintain an archive of hundreds of terabytes of information. Iv terabytes of the latest Indian or American movies or Turkish TV dramas, dubbed in the Afghan national languages Dari and Pashto reportedly wholesale for about 800 afghanis, or nine US dollars, while the retail price of five gigabytes of content is 100 afghanis, or i US dollar. Kars study that their earnings have dropped 90% nether Taliban rule.^[iv]

Commonwealth of australia [edit]

When Australia joined Usenet in 1983, it received articles via tapes sent from the United States to the Academy of Sydney, which disseminated data to dozens of other computers on the land'due south Unix network.^[5]

Bhutan [edit]

The Rigsum Sherig Collection project^[6] uses a sneakernet to distribute offline educational resources, including Kiwix and Khan Academy on a Stick,^[7] to hundreds of schools and other educational institutional in the Kingdom of Kingdom of bhutan. Many of the schools in Bhutan take computers or Information technology labs, but no Net connection (or a very slow ane).^[8] The sneakernet, facilitated by teachers, distributes nigh 25 GB of gratuitous, open up-source educational software to the schools, ofttimes using external hard disks.

Cuba [edit]

El Paquete Semanal is a roughly 1TB compilation of media, distributed weekly throughout Cuba via portable hard drives and USB memory sticks.^[9]

North Korea [edit]

North Korean dissidents have been known to smuggle flash drives filled with western movies and boob tube shows, largely in an endeavor to inspire a cultural revolution.^{[10] [eleven] [12] [thirteen] [xiv]}

Islamic republic of pakistan [edit]

The May 2011 raid of Osama bin Laden'south compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan, revealed that he used a series of USB thumb drives to store his electronic mail drafts. A courier of his would then take the saved emails to a nearby Internet cafe and send them out to the desired recipients.^{[fifteen] [16]}

South Africa [edit]

In September 2009, Durban company Unlimited Information technology reportedly pitted a messenger pigeon against South African ISP Telkom to transfer 4 GB of data 60 miles (97 km) from Howick to Durban. The pigeon, carrying the information on a memory stick, arrived in one hr eight minutes, with the data taking another hour to read from the retention stick. During the same two-60 minutes period, simply about iv.2% of the data had been transferred over the ADSL link.^[17] A like experiment was conducted in England in September 2010; the "pigeonnet" also proved superior.^{[18] [nineteen]} In November 2009 the Australian comedy/current-affairs television program Hungry Beast repeated this experiment. The experiment had the squad transfer a 700 MB file via three delivery methods to determine which was the fastest; A carrier pigeon with a microSD carte, a motorcar conveying a USB Stick, or a Telstra ADSL line. The data was to be transferred a distance of 132 km by route. The dove won the race with a time of approximately 1 hour 5 minutes, the car came in second at 2 hours ten minutes, while the internet transfer did not terminate, having dropped out a second fourth dimension and not come dorsum.^[20]

Wizzy Digital Courier provided Net admission to schools in Due south Africa with poor or no network connectivity by implementing UUCP on USB memory sticks. This allowed offline cached email transport and scoops of web pages to back-fill a web enshroud.^[21]

Us [edit]

Google has used a sneakernet to transport big datasets, such as the 120 TB of data from the Hubble Space Telescope.^{[22] [23]} Users of Google Cloud can import their data into Google Cloud Storage through sneakernet.^[24]

Oracle similarly offers its Data Transfer Service to customers to migrate data to Oracle Deject Infrastructure or export information from it.^[25]

The SETI@home project uses a sneakernet to overcome bandwidth limitations: data recorded by the radio telescope in Arecibo, Puerto Rico was stored on magnetic tapes which were so shipped to Berkeley, California, for processing. In 2005, Jim Gray reported sending hard drives and even "metal boxes with processors" to transport large amounts of data by postal postal service.^[26]

Very Long Baseline Interferometry performed using the Very Long Baseline Array ships difficult drives to a information reduction site in Socorro, New Mexico. They refer to their information transfer mechanism as "HDOA" (Hard Drives On Aeroplane).

Data analytics teams in the fiscal services sector often use sneakernets to transfer sensitive corporate information and data obtained from data mining, such every bit ledger entries, customer information and financial statistics. There are several reasons for this: firstly, sneakernets can mostly provide very loftier security (and possibly more importantly, they are perceived to be secure) due to the impossibility of a human being-in-the-eye set on or packet sniffing; secondly, the volumes of data concerned are often extremely high; and thirdly, setting up secure network links between the client business organisation and the analytics team's facilities is often either impossible or an extremely convoluted process.

In 2015 Amazon Spider web Services launched AWS Snowball, a 50 lb (23 kg), l TB device for transporting data to the AWS cloud;^[27] and in 2016 AWS Snowmobile, a truck to send up to 100 PB of data in one load.^[28] For similar reasons, there is likewise a Google Transfer Appliance and an IBM Cloud Mass Data Migration device.^[29]

Observation data from the Consequence Horizon Telescope is collected on hard drives which are transported past commercial freight airplanes^[30] from the various telescopes to the MIT Haystack Observatory and the Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy, where the data is analyzed.^[31]

USSR [edit]

In later USSR, the operating system chosen DEMOS was created and adjusted for many types of Soviet computers by cloning versions of UNIX that were brought into USSR on magnetic tapes bypassing the Iron Curtain. This allowed to build Relcom state-wide X.25 network to provide global Usenet access for Soviet users which led to the registration of .su ("Soviet Union") peak level domain in 1990.

In media [edit]

Non-fiction [edit]

There's a lot of ring-width in a station wagon.

—Fred Gruenberger, Computing: A Second Course ^[32]

The commencement USENET citation is July xvi, 1985^{[ citation needed ]} and information technology was widely considered an old joke already.

Never underestimate the bandwidth of a station carriage full of tapes hurtling down the highway.

—Andrew Southward. Tanenbaum^[33]

Other alleged speakers included Tom Reidel, Warren Jackson, or Bob Sutterfield.

Although the station railroad vehicle transporting magnetic tapes is generally considered the approved version, variants using trucks or Boeing 747s or C-5s and later storage technologies such as CD-ROMs, DVDs, Blu-rays, or SD Cards take oft appeared.

The very first trouble in Andrew Southward. Tanenbaum's 1981 textbook Reckoner Networks asks the student to calculate the throughput of a St. Bernard carrying floppy disks.^[34]

Fiction [edit]

• The Terry Pratchett novel Going Postal (2004) includes a competition between a horse-drawn postal service coach and the "Thousand Trunk Clacks" (a semaphore line) to see which is faster to transmit the contents of a book to a remote destination.
• William Gibson's novel Spook Country (2007) also features sneakernets, with iPods being the storage device used to clandestinely motility data.^[35]
• In Cory Doctorow's novel Little Blood brother, the primary grapheme uses the term sneakernet to describe how he and his friends distribute the fictitious XNet software for encrypted communications.

The "valuable data file" has go a common MacGuffin in action films and television programs (the motif of the "valuable letter or documents" (pre-electronic data storage technology) dates back hundreds of years).

• The film Johnny Mnemonic (1995), based on the short story by William Gibson, stars Keanu Reeves as a digital courier with 320 GB of corporate data transported in his head.
• The motion-picture show Live Costless or Die Hard (2007) depicts a digital thief attempting to download 500 TB of financial data to a suitcase-sized packet.
• In the episode "Amen" of The Newsroom (2012), associate producer Maggie Jordan, after existence told "it'due south 2011, we don't run film manually", is told that the video is taking too long to render on the local machine. It cannot feasibly be transferred over the network in raw course and must be run to the newsroom manually on a USB drive.
• In the film Elysium (2013), produced, written, and directed by Neill Blomkamp, Matt Damon as Max Da Costa downloads sensitive data into his brain implant in a data heist.
• In the film Snowden (2016), the titular character is seen evading security by conveying a information chip curtained in a Rubik'south Cube.
• In the James Bond film Skyfall (2012), MI6 sets upward a sneakernet due to security concerns.
• A large portion of the game Fallout: New Vegas involves a courier recovering and delivering a stolen casino fleck containing office of a plan for an anti missile defense system.

Similar concepts [edit]

• Delay-tolerant networks, such as the Haggle project^[36] at Cambridge Academy.
• IP over Avian Carriers (RFC 1149), an April Fools' Solar day RFC describing the manual of messages via homing pigeon.

Come across likewise [edit]

• Air gap (networking)
• Darknet
• Data Mule
• Jargon File
• Meatspace
• Pod slurping
• Sideloading
• Twilight (warez)
• USB dead drop

References [edit]

1. ^ "Oxford Dictionary". Retrieved 2016-09-09 .
2. ^ Boutin, Paul (2002-08-26). "Sneakernet Redux: Walk Your Information". Wired News. Archived from the original on November 19, 2009. Retrieved 8 June 2010.
3. ^ Munroe, Randall. "FedEx Bandwidth". xkcd what if? . Retrieved 18 September 2019.
4. ^ Kumar, Ruchi (26 November 2021). "Can Afghanistan's undercover "sneakernet" survive the Taliban?". MIT Engineering Review. Retrieved 26 November 2021.
5. ^ Marquis, Bret (1983-03-29). "Australia joins USENET". Newsgroup: net.news.newsite. 467@sdchema.UUCP. Retrieved 14 Feb 2016.
6. ^ Rigsum Sherig Collection
7. ^ Khan Academy on a Stick
8. ^ "Just a Tertiary of Government Schools Take Internet Access". Kuensel. April eighteen, 2013. Archived from the original on June 15, 2013.
9. ^ In Cuba, An Surreptitious Network Armed With USB Drives Does The Work Of Google And YouTube
10. ^ Fighting The State, Without The Web: North Korea's Sneakernet Insurgency
11. ^ Greenberg, Andy. "The Plot to Complimentary North Korea with Smuggled Episodes of 'Friends'". Wired.
12. ^ How One Man Wants to Free Democratic people's republic of korea With USB Drives and Pirated Movies
13. ^ N Korea's Secret Movie Bootleggers: How Western Films Brand It Into the Hermit Kingdom
14. ^ Airship activist sends 'thousands of copies' of The Interview to North Korea
15. ^ Apuzzo, Matt & Goldman, Adam (May 13, 2011). "How bin Laden emailed without being detected by US". The Washington Times. Associated Printing. Retrieved June 29, 2012. {{cite news}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
16. ^ McCullagh, Declan (May 13, 2011). "How bin Laden evaded the NSA: Sneakernet". Privacy Inc. CNET. Retrieved May 17, 2011.
17. ^ "SA Pigeon 'Faster than broadband'". BBC News. September 10, 2009.
18. ^ "BT feathers ruffled over dove-based file transfer antic". The Annals. September 17, 2010.
19. ^ Pigeon flies by broadband in information speed race, BBC News Engineering, September 16, 2010
20. ^ "The Great Australian Internet Challenge". ABC Telly/Hungry Animate being. 10 November 2009.
21. ^ "Seeking Riches From the Poor", Megan Lindow, 04.23.04, Wired.com
22. ^ "Google helps terabyte data swaps". BBC News. March vii, 2007. Retrieved May 23, 2010.
23. ^ Farivar, Cyrus (xx March 2007). "Google'due south Adjacent-Gen of Sneakernet". Wired . Retrieved 5 Feb 2013.
24. ^ "Offline Media Import / Export". Retrieved 29 January 2016.
25. ^ "Overview of Information Transfer Service". Retrieved 30 April 2021.
26. ^ "A Conversation with Jim Grayness". ACM Queue. 1 (iv). July 31, 2003. Archived from the original on December 5, 2009. Who would ever, in this time of the greatest interconnectivity in human history, go back to shipping bytes around via snail postal service equally a preferred means of data transfer?
27. ^ Kastrenakes, Jacob (Oct vii, 2015). "Amazon fabricated a huge plastic box chosen Snowball and so people can send data to the cloud". The Verge . Retrieved Oct 8, 2015.
28. ^ Dignan, Larry (November 30, 2016). "AWS' Snowmobile data send truck highlights why deject giant is so damn disruptive".
29. ^ Sharwood, Simon (19 September 2017). "IBM packs 120TB into a bear-on bag, for snow-balling cloud uploads". The Register . Retrieved 19 September 2017.
30. ^ "The Subconscious Aircraft and Handling Backside That Black-Hole Picture". The Atlantic. thirteen April 2019. Retrieved 2019-04-14 .
31. ^ Mearian, Lucas (xviii August 2015). "Massive telescope assortment aims for blackness pigsty, gets gusher of data". Computerworld . Retrieved 2015-08-21 .
32. ^ Gruenberger, Fred (1971). Computing: A Second Grade. San Francisco: Canfield Printing. p. 138. ISBN978-0063834057 . Retrieved 24 January 2017.
33. ^ Tanenbaum, Andrew S. (1989). Estimator Networks. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. p. 57. ISBN0-thirteen-166836-6.
34. ^ "Updated Textbook Explores Theoretical Ground of Networks". InfoWorld. 6 February 1989. Retrieved sixteen April 2019.
35. ^ Poole, Steven (Baronial 18, 2007). "Sign linguistic communication". The Guardian. London. Retrieved September 24, 2009.
36. ^ Ben Hui (March i, 2006). "Haggle". University of Cambridge Reckoner Laboratory. Archived from the original on June 28, 2015.

Look up sneakernet in Wiktionary, the gratuitous dictionary.

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sneakernet

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